Jumat, 14 Maret 2014

LAPTOPS OR NOTEBOOKS


The terms laptop and notebook before even beginning work on this book, not only with how to use them in the content but especially with the title. Although it was not necessarily true in the beginning, in the current context of the industry, these terms are used interchangeably to describe systems. The truth is, there is no consistent industry-wide definition of what is a laptop computer and what is a notebook computer.
Originally, there was some unofficial size differentiation between what was considered a laptop versus what was considered a notebook (the term notebook was used to describe an arbitrarily smaller version of a laptop). However, more recently that distinction has completely disappeared. Standardization on screen technology, screen sizes, as well as keyboard/pointing device layout and size have all served to muddy and eventually dissolve any differences between what was once considered a laptop and what was considered a notebook. The fact that virtually all modern portables include 13-inch (diagonal) or larger screens (which is why innovations such as the ThinkPad 701 "butterfly" collapsible keyboard arent used anymore) as well as industry-standard keyboard layouts, integrating a pointing device and palm rest, has served to greatly equalize the sizes of such systems. There are still differences in weight and thickness between various makes and models, but in general, modern laptop/notebook systems, from the least to the most powerful and expensive, come in very similar sizes.
So what do we call these systems now? Are they laptops or notebooks? Virtually all manufacturers now use the term notebook to describe all their portable systems, from huge desktop replacements down to ultra-slim or ultra-light models. Unfortunately, outside the advertising and marketing world, few people seem to use the term notebook. Perhaps that is because if you just say "notebook," it seems too generic and could refer to something other than a computer, and thus be easily misunderstood. You almost have to say "notebook computer" for it to become clear what you mean. On the other hand, if you say "laptop," most people immediately know that you mean "laptop computer," because the term is much more widely recognized.
I conducted some informal polls of my own. In the most telling of these, I showed people a picture of a modern portable computer system and asked them, "What do you call this type of computer?" Virtually everybody replied, "A laptop!" In other cases, I asked people what the word notebook means, and I received a variety of answers, not all having to do with computers. Then I asked them what the word laptop means, and almost everybody understood it as a type of portable computer. Maybe Ive just been around too long, but I think youll find as I did that laptop is simply a much more recognizable and familiar term than notebook, whether you actually ever use one on your lap or not.
So, in spite of the industry marketing preferences for the word notebook, and even though laptop computers and notebook computers are the same thing, I decided not to call this book Upgrading and Repairing Notebooks (it even sounds weird), but instead decided to use the more understandable and recognizable Upgrading and Repairing Laptops title instead.
Throughout this book, youll find that just as is done in the industry, I use the terms interchangeably (that is, I say "laptop" or "notebook," or both), and in almost all cases they mean exactly the same thing.
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Kamis, 13 Maret 2014

What is WiFi

Wi-Fi Signal logo
Wi-Fi Signal logo (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Wi-Fi, also spelled Wifi or WiFi, is a popular technology that allows an electronic device to exchange data or connect to the internet wirelessly using radio waves. The Wi-Fi Alliance defines Wi-Fi as any "wireless local area network (WLAN) products that are based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standards". However, since most modern WLANs are based on these standards, the term "Wi-Fi" is used in general English as a synonym for "WLAN". Only Wi-Fi products that complete Wi-Fi Alliance interoperability certification testing successfully may use the "Wi-Fi CERTIFIED" trademark.




Many devices can use Wi-Fi, e.g. personal computers, video-game consoles, smartphones, some digital cameras, tablet computers and digital audio players. These can connect to a network resource such as the Internet via a wireless network access point. Such an access point (or hotspot) has a range of about 20 meters (65 feet) indoors and a greater range outdoors. Hotspot coverage can comprise an area as small as a single room with walls that block radio waves, or as large as many square miles achieved by using multiple overlapping access points.

Wi-Fi can be less secure than wired connections (such as Ethernet) because an intruder does not need a physical connection. Web pages that use SSL are secure but unencrypted internet access can easily be detected by intruders. Because of this, Wi-Fi has adopted various encryption technologies. The early encryption WEP, proved easy to break. Higher quality protocols (WPA, WPA2) were added later. An optional feature added in 2007, called Wi-Fi Protected Setup (WPS), had a serious flaw that allowed an attacker to recover the routers password. The Wi-Fi Alliance has since updated its test plan and certification program to ensure all newly certified devices resist attacks.

The name

The term Wi-Fi, commercially used at least as early as August 2000, was coined by a brand-consulting firm called Interbrand Corporation. The Wi-Fi Alliance had hired Interbrand to determine a name that was "a little catchier than IEEE 802.11b Direct Sequence". Phil Belanger, a founding member of the Wi-Fi Alliance who presided over the selection of the name "Wi-Fi," also stated that Interbrand invented Wi-Fi as a play on words with Hi-Fi (high fidelity), and also created the Wi-Fi logo.

The Wi-Fi Alliance initially used the advertising slogan, "The Standard for Wireless Fidelity", for Wi-Fi but later removed the phrase from their marketing. Despite this, some documents from the Alliance dated 2003 and 2004 still contain the term Wireless Fidelity. There was no official statement related to the dropping of the term.

The yin-yang Wi-Fi logo indicates the certification of a product for interoperability.

Non-Wi-Fi technologies intended for fixed points such as Motorola Canopy are usually described as fixed wireless. Alternative wireless technologies include mobile phone standards such as 2G, 3G or 4G.

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Rabu, 12 Maret 2014

Introducing my Consultancy Service

Ive been helping people on various things, ranging from linking up their startups with potential employees, helping various people vet their ideas, to helping engineers negotiate their compensation. All of these activities are time consuming, and do take quite a bit of my time. At this point, Im having to admit that unless I start charging people, all my time can easily be taken up by random interruptions.

Unfortunately, my hourly rate is not cheap. Nevertheless, given how much Ive boosted peoples offers, I can safely say that I could charge 10X my hourly rate and everyone Ive helped would still come out ahead. Unlike books or generalists, I dont work in platitudes and generalities. In most cases, I tell people exactly what to say to their managers to get a better offer/counter-offer.

If you need someone to help you negotiate your compensation package, see what I can do for you!
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Motherboard

A computer motherboard is the most important part of a computer.
It is the main printed circuit board (PCB) in the computer and is sometimes referred to as the system board or mainboard.
The motherboard itself is just a piece of fiberglass. Its actually the hardware mounted on it that does all the work in the computer.
The motherboard connects directly or indirectly to every other part of the computer.
Its dimensions vary with the size of the system for which it was made. There are fine copper traces etched onto the board which forms the bus.
The bus carries power and information between the components on the motherboard.
Numerous tiny holes are drilled in the bus on the motherboard into which chips, sockets and other electronic components are installed.
These electronic components are held in place by soldered joints on the underside of the board.
There are also other holes drilled into the motherboard to accept spacers and screws for securing the motherboard to the case.
The evolution of the motherboard has caused more devices to be integrated into the motherboard.



Typical Motherboard Diagram
The parts of the computer motherboard such as RAM and CPU that are more subject to change, have been integrated into sockets so that they can be easily removed and replaced for upgrading.
You will encounter many different types and sizes of motherboards which will be determined by its form factor.
The form factor determines the size and shape of the mainboard and also dictates what kind of case it will fit into.
Listed below are the different types of form factors.
PC/XT - Although it wasnt the first PC, it had many features that were not available with previous PC designs. One such feature was that it was the first computer to have a hard drive.
It also had a large computer motherboard that was installed into a full size horizontal or desktop case.
Full-Size AT - The full-size AT mainboards were large in order to accommodate a lot of circuitry and could be installed in full-size AT desktop and tower cases. At present, full-size AT motherboards are no longer produced.
Baby-AT - Between 1983 to 1986, Baby-AT form factor became the most popular computer motherboard because it was able to fit into a number of different case designs. Today, you may still be able to get motherboards of this design.
In 1996, the Baby-AT was replaced by the ATX design.
LPX - This board was a semi-proprietary motherboard design which was difficult to repair and upgrade. Also, replacement parts for upgrades were expensive thus making it more economical to purchase a brand new non-proprietary design.
ATX - This design improved upon the Baby-AT and the LPX designs. Its physical dimensions are approximaely 12" x 9.6". This design is not compatible with AT designs because the motherboard is turned sideways in the case and has a different power supply connector.
Micro ATX - This is a smaller version of the ATX form factor. Its physical dimensions are approximately 9.6" x 9.6".
All form factors that precede the ATX are now obsolete. A new form factor called BTX is now emerging. There will be three basic sizes:
picoBTX - 7.9" x 10.4".
microBTX - 10.3" x 10.4".
BTX - 12.7" x 10.4".
NOTE: Today, the ATX is the most popular design of the newer motherboards and it is easily upgradeable.
Computer motherboard designs are constantly changing. Listed below are the major components of the motherboard:
BIOS:
Another important component is the basic input/output system (BIOS) chip which contains startup programs such as the power on/self-test (POST) and drivers of the computer.
This chip controls communication between the systems hardware and operating system. BIOS can also be referred to as firmware.
Expansion Slots:
Expansion slots enable the CPU to communicate with the peripheral devices which expand the capability of the computer.
Different cards can be plugged into these slots to enhance the computer such as video cards to improve graphics and sound cards to provide better audio.
Battery:
This battery is referred to as CMOS battery and is responsible for keeping the time and date. It usually has a life span of about 3 to 4 years.
Memory:
In a computer system, the CPU needs information and instructions to perform properly. This information and instructions for the CPU are stored in Random Access Memory (RAM). This memory is sometimes referred to as Primary Memory or Main Memory.
Ports:
Ports allow external devices to be connected to the computer motherboard. There are different types of ports located on the motherboard such as parallel, serial, universal serial bus (USB) and SCSI (small computer system interface).
Until up to a few years ago, printers were connected to parallel ports but now they are being replaced with the faster USB port. Low speed peripherals such as modems, mice and some scanners were connected to the serial port.
Again, this port is being replaced by the USB port which can support up to 127 devices. The SCSI bus can also support a number of peripherals such as hard disks, tape drives, CD-ROM drives, scanners, etc.
Power Connector:
This is a 20-pin male connector located on the computer motherboard. The power supply is plugged into this connector which supplies power for the motherboard, its components and some peripherals.
Most new motherboards now come with a 24-pin connector. Older motherboards with 20-pin connectors can still be used with a 24-pin power supply since this 24-pin connector can be separated into 20-pin and 4-pin connectors.
Integrated Graphics and Audio:
Today, most of the motherboards manufactured include integrated graphics, audio and LAN.
Hard Drive Data Transfer Modes-(Interface):
Motherboards are designed to provide different data transfer rates. First time computers used the UDMA/33 interface but this was increased to UDMA/66 which doubled the data-transfer rate.
The data transfer rate of a hard drive is the time used to read/write information. This interface mode was upgraded to UDMA/100 and then finally to UDMA/133.
These characteristics apply to Parallel ATA hard drives. For a long time, the UDMA/133 remained the fastest interface until the inception of the Serial ATA drive which has a data transfer rate of 150MBS/sec. These have now improved to data transfer rates of 300MBS/sec.
These hard drives can be operated in different modes called RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks). RAID requires more than one hard drive.
This provides speed by writing/reading information to more than one drive simultaneously - called striping (RAID, 0).
Another feature is data security or mirroring which duplicates data on both hard drives (RAID,1).
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Selasa, 11 Maret 2014

Review on LG D2342P 3D Monitor

Bought it before 1yr. @Rs. 16,000 from a local seller. It was newly launched then. I was very much excited then, to watch 3D movies. First I will write the disadvantages then advantages.
Disadvantages-
1. 2D to 3D conversion NO USE.
2. Eye will pain after watching for 10 mins.
3. No HDMI cable provided with the monitor, so you have to buy one to watch in 3D.
4. VGA cable provided but you cant watch 3D using VGA cable. Spend another Rs.150 to buy a HDMI cable.
5. If you dont have a DVI / HDMI port in your PC then you cant watch 3D.
6. So you need a graphics card which will have a HDMI port. It will take minimum I think another Rs. 4000.
7. If you dont want to buy a graphics card having HDMI port you can buy a graphics card which have at least DVI port.
8. Then you have to buy a DVI to HDMI converter to attach the HDMI cable. It will take Rs.250 in ebay.
9. You have to sit closer and front of the monitor.

Advantage-
1. 2 pieces of 3D glasses are included.
2. I had watched AVATAR, it was awesome.
3. Many 3D movies are available now a days, but have less 3D effect. You can download them from torrentz.com. Search "SBS" there.

Rating 4/5

Recomendation:
1. 3D technology is not yet fully established. Samsung has some good 3D monitors but they are active 3D glasses. They have good 3D effects. You can go for Samsung.
2. If you want passive 3D viewing then LG is best.
3. If you have money then buy a 3D TV instead of monitor @Rs. 50,000. I have seen it in the showroom. It has the ultimate 3D effect.

Know how to earn through Cloud computing without investing anything, without doing any work. Visit my other blog to find it out.
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Senin, 10 Maret 2014

How to Set up and Use Internet Connection Sharing XP

With Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) in Windows XP, you can connect one computer to the Internet, then share the Internet service with several computers in a home or small office network. The Network Setup Wizard in Windows XP Professional will automatically provide all of the network settings you need to share one Internet connection with all the computers in the network. Each computer can use different programs such as Internet Explorer and Outlook Express as if they were directly connected to the Internet.

You shouldnt use this feature in an existing network with Windows 2000 Server domain controllers, DNS servers, gateways, DHCP servers, or a system that is configured for static IP addresses.


Enabling ICS

The ICS host computer needs two network connections. The local area network connection, will be automatically created upon installing a network adapter, connects to the computers on your home or small office network. The other connection, which uses 56k modem, ISDN, DSL, or cable modem, connects the home or small office network to the Internet. You need to ensure that ICS is enabled on the connection that has the Internet access. By doing so, the shared connection can connect your home or small office network to the Internet, and users outside your network are not at risk of receiving inappropriate addresses from your network.
When you enable ICS, the local area network connection to the home or small office network will be given a new static IP address and configuration. Consequently, TCP/IP connections established among any home or small office computer and the ICS host computer at the time of enabling ICS are lost and need to be reestablished. For example, if Internet Explorer is trying to connect to a Web site when Internet Connection Sharing is enabled, refresh the browser to reestablish the connection. You must configure client machines on your home or small office network so TCP/IP on the local area connection will be assigned an ip address automatically. Home or small office network users should configure Internet options for Internet Connection Sharing. To enable Internet Connection Sharing (ICS) Discovery and Control on Windows 98 or Windows 98 Second Edition, and Windows Millennium Edition computers, run the Network Setup Wizard from the CD or floppy disk on these computers. For ICS Discovery and Control to work on Windows 98, Windows 98 Second Edition, and Windows Millennium Edition computers, Internet Explorer version 5.0 or later version must be installed.

To enable Internet Connection Sharing on a network

you must be logged on to your computer with an owner account in order to complete this procedure.
Open Network Connections. (Click Start followed by Control Panel, and then double–click Network Connections.)

Click the local area network, dial–up, PPPoE, or VPN connection you want to share, and then, under Network Tasks, click Change settings of this connection.

On the Advanced tab section, select the Allow other network users to connect through this computers Internet connection check box.
If you want this type of connection to dial automatically when another computer on your home or small office network attempts to access external resources, select the Establish a dial–up connection whenever a computer on my network attempts to access the Internet check box.

If you want other network users to have access to the shared Internet connection, select the Allow other network users to control or disable the shared Internet connection check box.

Below the Internet Connection Sharing selection, in Home networking connection, select any adapter that connects the computer sharing its Internet connection to the other computers on your network. The Home networking connection is only present when two or more network adapters are installed on the computer.


To configure Internet options on your client computers for Internet Connection Sharing

Open Internet Explorer. Click Start, point to All Programs, and then click Internet Explorer.)

On the Tools menu, click Internet Options.

On the Connections tab, click Never dial a connection, and then click LAN Settings.

In the Automatic configuration window, clear the Automatically detect settings and Use automatic configuration script check boxes.

In Proxy Server, clear the Use a proxy server check box.

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Minggu, 09 Maret 2014

Reread Brain Rules for Baby

It probably wouldnt surprise you if I told you that I read 90% of all the books I review for this book out of the library. Most books arent worth reading more than once, and more importantly, if I bought every book I read, Id be spending a ton of money. However, Brain Rules for Baby is an exception. I read this book last year as the first parenting book, and since then Ive read a lot of parenting books, most of which arent reviewed simply because I could not bring myself to finish them! Parenting books are in general badly written, have little or no scientific backing, and never say something in 5 words when 5,000 words would do. I have no idea why theyre so badly written, but there you go. When I saw that the Kindle edition of the book was now $8.10, I remembered the book so fondly I went and bought it for my Kindle.

In short, if you are a busy parent to be or a parent of a kid zero to five, Brain Rules for Baby is the only parenting book thats worth your time! Heck, if youre considering being a parent, do yourself a favor and read this book so youll know what to expect.

On the second re-read, I nodded and laughed at the stuff he was telling me that would happen that indeed happened. Yes, marriages get strained with the introduction of the little guy. Yes, expect your wife to throw up during the first trimester. Expect sleep deprivation. Human babies were never meant to be brought up by just one couple, so expect to get help and take as much of it as you can. Expect to be charmed by the little ones first smile (Medina calls it the "Megawatt smile.") Expect to have to work extra hard to overcome the social isolation that could set in inevitably if you dont pay attention. Im very grateful that at least for us, weve been very lucky and have the opportunity to eliminate many of the usual stressors associated with having a child, but I shudder to think what the typical American family goes through.

In re-reading this book, I keep finding little nuggets of information. For instance, kids learn to lie at 3, and they tell a lie every 90 minutes by the time theyre 4. I enjoy reading the segments about empathy and how to teach kids to read emotions. (Im an incredibly un-empathetic person, so this is going to take serious work)

In any case, there are many parents I believe who should read this book, and every parent-to-be or parent-wanna-be should read this book. As usual, the people who most need to read this book wont, but hey, theres nothing YOU can do about that. Heck, even if you never want to be a parent you should read this book. Its just that good. Highly recommended I really should have named it the book of the year last year.
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